Question 1
What makes artificial vegetative propagation different from natural vegetative propagation?
The right answer is the one marked above.
Human intervention. We choose which plant, which part and when — and we can do it to plants that would never have done it themselves.
Biologically nothing is new. Every artificial method takes a vegetative part and grows it into a whole plant, exactly as the natural methods do, so there are no gametes, no meiosis, and offspring identical to the parent either way.