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Lesson: Chapter 19 — Current Electricity

19.4. Ohm's law 3 of 5

Stating Ohm's law

This relationship was first discovered by the German scientist Georg Simon Ohm, and the statement he put forward carries his name.

Figure to be added

Figure 19.17 — a portrait of Georg Simon Ohm.

Ohm's law

When the temperature of a conductor is constant, the current (I) flowing through that conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (V) between its two ends.

I ∝ V

At constant temperature, the current is proportional to the potential difference.

What proportional means here

Two quantities are directly proportional when dividing one by the other always gives the same answer. So the law is another way of saying what the last page observed.

V / I = a constant

The temperature clause is part of the law

"When the temperature is constant" is not a caution attached to the law — it is inside it. Heat a conductor and the ratio changes, so the proportionality holds only while the temperature is held still. A statement of Ohm's law that leaves the condition out is an incomplete statement.

At constant temperature, I is proportional to V

Ohm's law: at constant temperature the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it. Quote the temperature condition every time — it is where the marks are.