Question 1
A block of weight 40 N rests on a table. The limiting friction between them is 12 N. The block is pushed horizontally with a force of 7 N. What is the frictional force on the block?
The right answer is the one marked above.
7 N. First ask whether it is moving:
7 N < 12 N, so it stays at rest
friction = applied force = 7 N
12 N is the tempting answer, but that is the most friction these surfaces could supply. Static friction only ever supplies as much as it needs.