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Lesson: Chapter 8 — Characteristics of Living Organisms

Viruses 1 of 4

Where the line blurs

The white thread-like things in a heap of rotting refuse are the vegetative part of a fungus — and what later becomes a mushroom is the structure formed for its sexual reproduction.

Lichen on a coconut trunk, the various ferns growing down a wall, orchids, the white mealy bugs on a chilli plant in the yard, the very fine white eggs on a young kathurumurunga leaf — examine these and living and non-living will be perfectly clear to you.

But not always

A living thing that looks non-living

Bacterial cells can be dried into a plain powder. Yeast, a fungus used in making bread, is also on sale as a dry powder. At a glance they are powders, not organisms.

A non-living thing that looks alive

Soil particles coming together to form rock, and a crystal getting larger, can be seen as "growth". The wave motion produced by ripples on a reservoir can be seen as "movement".

Assignment 8.5

Examine how the "growth" and "movement" of those non-living objects differ from the same things in living organisms.

Where the difference lies

A crystal gets larger by material being added from outside; an organism grows from within. A ripple moves because an outside force pushes it; an organism moves of its own accord. What separates them is not whether the characteristic appears but how it comes about.